About Script Spec Try Download Community Blog
← Community

Beginner's Guide

The Yapiri Primer

Everything you need to start reading and writing in Yapiri — no prior knowledge required. Work through each section at your own pace.



Section 1

What is Yapiri?

Yapiri is a writing system created specifically for the Kokborok language — the mother tongue of the Tiprasa people of Tripura, Northeast India. The name yapiri means "footprints" in Kokborok — marks left behind by a language, a people, a way of speaking.

Unlike Bengali or Roman script, Yapiri was designed from scratch around the actual sounds of Kokborok. Every symbol represents exactly one sound. Nothing is hidden, nothing is assumed. What you hear is what you write.

Good news for beginners: Yapiri is a phonemic alphabet — one symbol, one sound, every time. Once you learn the symbols, you can read anything written in Yapiri out loud, even words you've never seen before.

This Primer walks you through the full alphabet, step by step — vowels, consonants, numerals, and the small but important marks that complete the system. By the end, you'll be able to read and write your first words in Yapiri.

Section 2

The Vowels

Yapiri has 6 vowels. Every vowel is a full, independent letter — just like consonants. Vowels are always written after the consonant they follow. There are no hidden vowels in Yapiri.

aas in "apha"
eas in "eba"
ias in "imang"
uas in "umai"
oas in "omo"
əas in "twi"
Note on ə (schwa): The schwa is the neutral mid-central vowel — the "uh" sound in unstressed syllables. In Yapiri, it never starts a word. It only appears in the middle of a word.

Section 3

The Consonants

Yapiri has 21 native consonants, organised into phonological families. Related sounds share visual features — so once you learn one, you'll recognise its relatives. Aspirated consonants (ph, th, kh) are derived from their plain counterparts through a consistent visual modification.

Stops — Voiceless (p, t, k)
pas in "pirkha"
tas in "twima"
kas in "kwtal"
Stops — Aspirated (ph, th, kh)
phbreathy "phiya"
thbreathy "thaichuk"
khbreathy "khorang"
Stops — Voiced (b, d, g)
bas in "bisa"
das in "dakti"
gas in "gana"
Affricates (ch, j)
chas in "cherai"
jas in "jwngjal"
Nasals (m, n, n′, ng)
mas in "muktwi"
nas in "naithok"
n′as in "in′"
ngas in "chwng"
Note on n′ (palatal nasal): The n′ character is a distinct sound from the plain n. The prime mark (′) signals a palatal nasal — a different point of articulation in the mouth. It has its own dedicated glyph in Yapiri and is never a modifier of n.

  in′ — "yes"      in′he — "no"
Fricatives & Approximants (s, h, r, l, y, w)
sas in "sanja"
has in "haba"
ras in "romdi"
las in "laisa"
yas in "yaphang"
was in "wansukma"
Note on W: The consonant W only ever appears at the start of a word. The W that appears mid-word in Kokborok romanization represents the schwa vowel ə — not the consonant W.

Example — watwi (rain):    w·a·t·ə·i — first W is the consonant, second W is written as ə

Section 4

Extended & Secondary Characters

Four characters sit outside the core native alphabet. They are fully formed glyphs that follow the same design grammar as the rest of the script — but each has a specific classification based on its phonological status in Kokborok.

Secondary — Loanword characters (v, z)
vloanword soundssecondary
zloanword / scientificsecondary

v and z fill genuine phonetic gaps — no native Kokborok character covers these sounds adequately. Use them for loanwords and scientific names.

Optional — Extended character (f)
fuser preferenceoptional

In native Kokborok text, the ph character already covers the [f] sound — consistent with Bengali convention. Use f only if you want to explicitly distinguish it from ph in loanword writing.

Secondary — Pending documentation (chh)
chhaspirated affricatesecondary
Note on chh: The aspirated palatal affricate /tɕʰ/ is formally documented in phonological descriptions of Kokborok, but no native lexical examples in active everyday use have been confirmed. The character is retained in the secondary block for potential dialectal or archaic usage. As a beginner, you are unlikely to encounter it in everyday Kokborok text. Linguists are invited to document confirmed uses via the community page.
For everyday Kokborok writing: you will rarely if ever need any of these four characters. The 21 native consonants and 6 vowels cover virtually all everyday Kokborok vocabulary.

Section 5

The Numerals

Yapiri has its own set of 10 digit glyphs for writing numbers. They follow the same decimal positional system as regular numerals — just string them left to right to form larger numbers. Each digit also carries its Kokborok name.

0bukcha
1sa
2nwi
3tham
4brwi
5ba
6dok
7sni
8char
9chuku

Section 6

The Diacritics

Yapiri uses three special marks that work alongside the main alphabet. These are not separate letters — they modify or connect the letters around them.

́
bohrok · "they" — high tone on first o
High Tone Mark
Unicode U+0301

Placed directly above a vowel to indicate a high or rising tone on that syllable. Kokborok is a tonal language — this mark is how Yapiri captures that distinction in writing. In Latin romanization of Kokborok, the letter h after a vowel conventionally signals high tone. In Yapiri, the high tone mark replaces that convention entirely — the h is omitted and the mark sits over the vowel instead.

̋
nini · "yours" — written as ni + mark
Reduplication Mark
Unicode U+030B

Used to mark a repeated syllable within a single word. The word nini (yours) contains the repeated syllable ni. Instead of writing ni twice, write it once and place the reduplication mark over the final letter of the syllable. The mark signals that the syllable is spoken twice. No hyphen is needed for within-word reduplication.

̋-
serek serek · "silently" — mark + hyphen
Hyphen
Unicode U+002D

The hyphen is an integral part of the Yapiri writing system — borrowed from global punctuation, but given a specific structural role in the script. When an entire word is repeated consecutively, write the word once, place the reduplication mark over its final letter, then add a hyphen. The hyphen signals that a full repeated word follows — it is never decorative or optional. In the example above, serek (silently) is written once with the mark over k and the hyphen closes the construction.

Reduplication in short: Syllable repeated within a word → reduplication mark over the last letter of the syllable, no hyphen. Full word repeated consecutively → reduplication mark over the last letter of the first word + hyphen.

Section 7

Writing Rules

Yapiri follows a small set of clear, consistent rules. Learn these and you can write anything in Kokborok correctly.

1
Write every sound

Both consonants and vowels must always be written. There are no silent letters and no assumed sounds. If you hear it, write it.

To write /pa/: write (p) followed by (a)

2
Write left to right

Yapiri is written horizontally, left to right — the same direction as English and Bengali. There is no uppercase or lowercase.

3
Separate words with a space

Words are separated by a single space, just as in English. No special word-joiner or separator symbol is needed.

4
Schwa (ə) never starts a word

The schwa vowel only appears inside words, never at the beginning. Other vowels can start a word.

5
W only starts words

The consonant W only ever appears at the very beginning of a word. It will never be found in the middle of a Kokborok word in the Yapiri script.

6
High tone mark goes over the vowel

To mark a high tone syllable, place the high tone mark (◌́) directly over the vowel of that syllable. The Latin convention of using h after a vowel to indicate tone does not apply in Yapiri — the mark replaces it entirely.

High tone on /o/ in bohrok: ́

7
Reduplication within a word: mark only

When a syllable repeats within a word, place the reduplication mark (◌̋) over the last letter of that syllable. Write the syllable only once. No hyphen needed.

nini (yours): ̋

8
Repeated whole words: mark + hyphen

When an entire word is repeated consecutively, place the reduplication mark over the last letter of the first word, then add a hyphen. The hyphen is integral to the script — it signals that the full word that preceded it is repeated.

serek serek (silently): ̋-

Section 8

Your First Words

You now know the full Yapiri alphabet. Here are your first real Kokborok words — greetings you can use every day, written in Yapiri script.

 Khulumkha Hello / Namaste — the universal Tiprasa greeting
kh·u·l·u·m·kh·a
 Hambai Thank you
h·a·m·b·a·i
  Phung Kaham Good morning
ph·u·ng   k·a·h·a·m
  Dibor Kaham Good afternoon
d·i·b·o·r   k·a·h·a·m
  Sarik Kaham Good evening
s·a·r·i·k   k·a·h·a·m
  Hor Kaham Good night
h·o·r   k·a·h·a·m
Notice something? The word Kaham appears in four of the six greetings — it means "good" in Kokborok. In Yapiri that's always: . Recognising repeating patterns like this makes learning faster.

Save This Primer

No separate PDF needed — save this page directly from your browser.